UK: Дисертаційна робота присвячена підвищенню безпеки праці операторів з
урахуванням параметрів світлового середовища на постійних робочих місцях,
розробці комплексної методики оцінки умов праці для впровадження заходів та
засобів щодо підвищення її рівня.
EN: The Thesis is devoted to the improvement of occupational safety of operators,
taking into account the parameters of light environment at permanent workplaces, and
development of a comprehensive technique to assess working conditions for the
introduction of measures and means to increase their level.
In recent years, the group of socially significant eye diseases has expanded among
the able-bodied population in Ukraine, where this is the optic atrophy that prevails,
which is associated with high strain of the visual analyzer due to complicating the
content and scope of visual tasks, and increasing work intensity with the use of
machines, equipment, and control devices. In the direction of ensuring the safe and
healthy working conditions, maintaining the performance ability and high functional
status, preventing accidents and occupational diseases, it is necessary to take into
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account the impact of the parameters of light environment on work intensity when
assessing working conditions. Currently, intelligent lighting systems are being actively
implemented to save energy and upgrade quality. The implementation of such systems
should be based on the creation of a comfortable light environment, taking into account
the work process intensity at permanent workplaces of employees, who, in the matter of
work, have not only the sensory load of the visual analyzer, but also the intellectual and
emotional tension. The paper sets a scientific task: – to increase occupational safety in
certain analytical indicators of intensity of the work process according to the parameters
of light environment.
The Introduction presents the relevance of the topic, purpose of research,
scientific novelty, practical significance of the results obtained, personal contribution of
the applicant and approbation of the research insights.
Section 1 analyzes the traumatism and occupational diseases in Ukraine. It has
been determined that the factor of light environment is important for a variety of
employees, whose activities are related to obtaining and processing information, as well
as making decisions at production site. If this factor does not fully meet the
requirements of light environment, it leads to rapid fatigability, reduction in workflow
productivity, and is one of the causes of arising injuries and occupation-related diseases.
The purpose and tasks of research are formulated on the basis of the conducted
analysis and drawbacks revealed when assessing working conditions in terms of the
factor of light environment.
Section 2 defines that the content of work of the whole category of employees
according to the occupational classification in Ukraine has common characteristic
features of labor activities: perception of information by the visual analyzer on video display terminals and personal computers, processing of information, decision-making
and reproduction of the information processed. As the analysis shows, light
environment is the leading factor of ensuring occupational safety for this category.
The full-scale studies of the functional status of operators at the workplace under
natural lighting have shown that at the light levels exceeding 300 lux, the level of the
functional status increases (4.8-5.6) from the low one up to the optimal level. This is
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due to the physiology of visual perception, since the human eye is the fittest to natural
light (brightness contrast, color difference, image quality on the retina, illumination on
the retina).
In studying the functional status of operators at the workplace under artificial
lighting, it has been determined that when exposed to color temperature under LED based lighting about 1000 lux, the indicator of ‘health, activity, mood’ (HAM) is at the
low and sufficient level, in contrast to lighting in the range of 500-700 lux, where this
indicator is optimal and high. According to the full-scale studies, it is established that at
permanent workplaces of operators, the light level should be about 700 lux, with a
minimum of 500 lux.
The findings of research in self-assessment of the HAM functional status of
operators at the workplace under combined luminescent lighting have been presented. It
has been determined that the optimal and high level expressed by the data congestion
from 450 lux up to 750 lux also confirms the efficiency of the circadian system of an
employee; there is an increase observed in the visual and general performance capacity.
Under combined LED-based lighting within the light levels from 500 lux up to 700 lux,
there is observed an area of the data congestion of the high level of an employee’s
functional status.
It is established that the indicators of the performance capacity vary depending on
the light level of the workplace, light source and color temperature. Poor lighting in real
working conditions leads to overstrain of the visual analyzer, which affects the final
result of the operator’s work and reduces the accuracy of actions.
In Section 3, an algorithm of step-by-step carrying out the studies of the work
intensity indicators has been developed for the assessment of working conditions in
terms of the factor of light environment. The presented results of experimental studies
determined the influence of the parameters of light environment on the operator’s
performance capacity.
The studies were carried out in an experimental group of operators at working
premises with a change in the parameters of light environment under optimal
microclimatic conditions.
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The lighting fixtures with PHILIPS TL-D 18W/54-765 luminescent lamps and
PHILIPS-WT120C G2 PSU L600 LED19S/840 light-emitting diode lamps were used as
combined and artificial lighting. The light level changed by increasing the number of
lamps in the lighting fixture.
In order to obtain the distribution of lighting at experimental premises and
evaluate the component of artificial lighting at the workplace, the modeling was
performed using DIALux software that allowed to determine the light level depending
on light sources and assess working conditions of operators.
The given studies of work intensity with the definition of the performance
capacity indicators under the selected Bourdon-Wiersma and Toulouse-Piéron
Cancellation Tests on seven indicators allowed to reveal the amount, concentration,
stability and switching of attention, visual perception of space, as well as rapidity of
processing the operator’s information. It is managed to assess the real picture of the
content of the operator’s work in different systems of light environment and to
determine the degree of its impact on working conditions.
There has been proposed a form of processing the measurement uncertainty
characteristics in estimating the accuracy with a confidence level of 95% for technical
measurements, which allows to prevent the unreasonably expanded error interval. The
relative expanded uncertainty ranges from 3.18 to 6.57 units of measurement not
exceeding 10%.
In Section 4, based on the obtained findings of experimental studies, a technique
of a comprehensive assessment of working conditions, which is carried out in three
stages, has been developed. At the first stage, the lighting system of the workplace at
premises is determined, and at the second one – the parameters of light environment. At
the third stage, the important factors influencing the indicators of operators’
performance capacity and occupational safety are assessed, being the basis for the
feasibility of further development and implementation of measures to increase the level
of occupational safety, taking into account the parameters of light environment.
Introducing the technique of the comprehensive assessment of working conditions at
enterprises allowed to obtain a social effect – a comfortable light environment at
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permanent workplaces of operators and energy savings for their lighting, which
averaged 30-32%.
The obtained results and recommendations of the Thesis were implemented at the
following companies: AV metal group LLC, Pavlohradinvestbud LLC, Joint Stock
Company Interpipe Dnipropetrovsk Vtormet, and in the teaching and learning process at
the Department of Life Safety of Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering
and Architecture.
