Зовнішньоторговельна відкритість національної економіки: статистична оцінка

Abstract

UK: У статті систематизовано чинники, що впливають на ступінь зовнішньоторговельної відкритості національної економіки, основні індикатори, що використовуються для її оцінювання. Оцінено функціональну зовнішньоторговельну відкритість, визначено показники відкритості, розрахунок яких базується на ємності національного ринку. Розкрито особливості впливу зростаючої відкритості на національну економіку. Обґрунтовано використання поняття «розумна відкритість». Оцінено ступінь збалансованості зовнішньої торгівлі на основі коефіцієнта покриття експорту імпортом. На основі дослідження зроблено висновок про необхідність проведення політики імпортозаміщення.

RU: В статье систематизированы факторы, влияющие на степень внешнеторговой открытости национальной экономики, основные индикаторы, используемые для ее оценивания. Оценена функциональная внешнеторговая открытость, определены показатели открытости, расчет которых базируется на емкости национального рынка. Раскрыты особенности влияния растущей открытости на национальную экономику. Обосновано использование понятия «умная открытость». Оценена степень сбалансированности внешней торговли на основе коэффициента покрытия экспорта импортом. На основе исследования сделан вывод о необходимости проведения политики импортозамещения.

EN: The problem of trade openness of the national economy is especially relevant for countries with transition economies. The level of foreign trade openness, on one hand, serves as an indicator of the integration of the national economy into the world economy and the intensity of world economic connections. On the other hand, an excessive openness may be a source of threats to the national security. The foregoing determines the relevance of the research topic. The article deals with the concept of trade openness of the economy, systematizes factors influencing the degree of foreign trade openness of the national economy in the conditions of world space globalization. The problem of ambiguity of the scientists’ attitude towards the consequences of increasing the openness of both national and global economies is revealed. The main indicators used for its evaluation are systematized. An assessment of functional foreign trade openness on the basis of export, import and foreign trade quota was conducted. Also, the indicators of openness, the calculation of which is based on the capacity of the national market, are defined. These include the following values: foreign trade per capita and the share of imports in the total national consumption. The peculiarities of the influence of increasing openness on the national economy are revealed. The use of the concept of “reasonable openness”, which determines the state of the national economy, that achieves the proper level of its security, is substantiated. An estimation of the degree of balance of foreign trade on the basis of the export-import coverage ratio was conducted. Based on the study, it was concluded that import substitution policies need to be implemented. The necessity of further researches in the area of analysis of the export and import structure, prices for products of export-oriented industries is substantiated, since the price volatility on the world markets determine them. The problem of trade openness of the national economy is especially relevant for countries with transition economies. The level of foreign trade openness, on one hand, serves as an indicator of the integration of the national economy into the world economy and the intensity of world economic connections. On the other hand, an excessive openness may be a source of threats to the national security. The foregoing determines the relevance of the research topic. The article deals with the concept of trade openness of the economy, systematizes factors influencing the degree of foreign trade openness of the national economy in the conditions of world space globalization. The problem of ambiguity of the scientists’ attitude towards the consequences of increasing the openness of both national and global economies is revealed. The main indicators used for its evaluation are systematized. An assessment of functional foreign trade openness on the basis of export, import and foreign trade quota was conducted. Also, the indicators of openness, the calculation of which is based on the capacity of the national market, are defined. These include the following values: foreign trade per capita and the share of imports in the total national consumption. The peculiarities of the influence of increasing openness on the national economy are revealed. The use of the concept of “reasonable openness”, which determines the state of the national economy, that achieves the proper level of its security, is substantiated. An estimation of the degree of balance of foreign trade on the basis of the export-import coverage ratio was conducted. Based on the study, it was concluded that import substitution policies need to be implemented. The necessity of further researches in the area of analysis of the export and import structure, prices for products of export-oriented industries is substantiated, since the price volatility on the world markets determine them.