Рівень виробництва пшениці у Кіровоградській області

Abstract

UK: Кіровоградська область є одним із ключових виробників зернових культур у країні. Потреба у підвищенні продуктивності основних сільськогосподарських культур області створила необхідність розгляду потенціалу розвитку виробництва пшениці. Дослідження та моніторинг показників виробництва зернових культур за останні п'ять років дав змогу виявити шляхи підвищення продуктивності галузі. Вивчення впливу клімату на родючість ґрунтів та врожайність пшениці за минулі роки дозволяє прогнозувати подальші зміни. Проведено аналіз рентабельності вирощування пшениці, можливість зниження витрат ресурсів, а також перспективи вирощування зернових в умовах Кіровоградської області. В результаті дослідження зазначені шляхи максимізації рентабельності виробництва пшениці.

EN: Kirovohrad Region is one of the key producers of grain crops in the country and plays a significant role in ensuring national food security. The need to increase the productivity of the region’s main agricultural crops has made it necessary to consider the development potential of wheat production as one of the strategic directions of the agrarian sector. Research and monitoring of grain production indicators over the past five years have made it possible to identify key trends, structural changes, and ways to improve the productivity of the sector. The study of the impact of climate on soil fertility and wheat yields in previous years makes it possible to forecast further changes and assess potential risks associated with climate variability. Purpose of the study: to investigate the dynamics of changes in the level of wheat production and consumption in the Kirovohrad Region; to identify ways to increase yields and improve adaptation to climate change, as well as potential opportunities for cultivating this crop in the region. Special attention is paid to the assessment of production efficiency under changing natural and economic conditions. Research methods. In the course of the study, computational-analytical and experimental-statistical research methods were used, along with comparative analysis and data generalization methods. Time series analysis was applied to identify trends in wheat production indicators. The region’s position in the national volume of grain production was determined based on official statistical data, which ensured the reliability of the research results. A study was conducted of indicators such as sown areas by year, yield, and gross harvest. Per capita production indicators were determined, allowing an assessment of the region’s capacity to meet internal consumption needs. An analysis of material costs per unit of output was carried out to identify the main factors influencing production costs and economic efficiency. Originality / scientific novelty. The study focuses on optimizing grain cultivation technologies under conditions of elevated temperatures and increasing climate risks. The research substantiates the feasibility of adapting existing technological approaches to local agroclimatic conditions. Practical value. The research results show that the level of profitability of wheat cultivation on fertile soils in the Kirovohrad Region reaches almost 68.9%. The basis for obtaining high yields and increasing profitability is the intensification of production, the use of advanced technologies, drought-resistant varieties, crop rotation with leguminous crops, and moisture-conserving technologies. The implementation of the proposed measures contributes to improving production sustainability and reducing climate-related risks. As a result of the study, the main ways to maximize the profitability of wheat production and ensure the long-term development of the regional grain sector are identified.